International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 18 (2016) pp 9424-9429 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
A Quantitative Comparison between Chemical Coagulation and Biological Treatment of Municipal Wastewater
Hesham Ahmad
Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,
Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box: 130 Amman 11733 Jordan.
Abstract
This study provides comparative assessment of two processes of chemical coagulation and biological treatment considering removal efficiencies and the possibility to recycle wastewater for agriculture. The study is providing a comparison between the quality of treated municipal wastewater produced by a biological treatment plant and a designed chemical coagulation unit. The quality of treated wastewater is characterized by various global quality indicators such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Turbidity.
Jar test experiments were performed to assess COD, TSS and Turbidity reduction at the laboratory. Various alum dosages of (10 to 80) mg/l as Al2(SO4)3.5H2O were added to samples of wastewater with adjusted pH from 5.5 to 8.5. The jar tests were run at 250 rounds per minute (rpm) for 30 seconds, then 30 rpm for 20 minutes and finally settling for 120 minutes. Jar tests aim at identifying the optimum coagulant dose. The COD value was reduced to 83% by using biological wastewater treatment plant at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, while by using the designed chemical coagulation unit it was reduced to 78% at pH 7.7. In this study, the measurements of TSS reduction by biological and chemical methods were relatively close, about 90% and 93% respectively. The main difference between the two methods is the time needed to obtain these results.
Key words: coagulants, wastewater treatment, COD, TSS, Turbidity reduction, Jar test.
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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 11, Number 22 (2016) pp. 11014-11024 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
Comparison of Coagulation, Electrocoagulation and Biological Techniques for the Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Hesham Ahmad1*, Walid K. Lafi2, Khaleel Abushgair3 and Jamal M. Assbeihat4
1 Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering,
P.O. Box: 130 Amman 11733 Jordan.
2 Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, at sabbatical leave from Al-Balqa Applied University, Department of chemical Engineering.
3 Al-balqa Applied University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amman, Jordan.
4Al-balqa Applied University, Department of Civil Engineering, Amman, Jordan.
*to whom all correspondence should be addressed, E-mail Address: h.ahmad@zuj.edu.jo
Abstract
The present study provides comparative assessment of chemical coagulation, electrocoagulation (EC) and biological treatment for the removal of pollutants expressed in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) from municipal wastewater for further reuse in agriculture. The performance of the electrocoagulation, chemical coagulation and biological are presented comparatively, as wastewater treatment technologies taken into consideration to reach above the minimum requirements of Jordanian standards, guidelines and regulations. The reduction efficiency of COD and TSS were 87 % and 93%, 78% and 98%, and 83% and 90% for biological treatment plant (BTP), coagulation large scale unit (CLSU) and electrocoagulation lab scale unit (ELSU), respectively. The treatment time to achieve these results was varied from 45 minutes to four hours for CLSU and BTP, respectively.
Keywords: coagulation; biological treatment; electrocoagulation; wastewater treatment; chemical oxygen demand (COD); total suspended solids (TSS)
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
COST-BASED ANALYSIS FOR HIGH SEVERITY LOCATIONS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN JORDAN
Hesham S. Ahmad, Maha D. Ayoush, Subhi M. Bazlamit
Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Tel: 0096264291511, Fax: 0096264291432, Web-site:
www.zuj.edu.jo, P.O. Box: 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.203803
ABSTRACT
Traffic accidents constitute a serious cause of death and injuries in the entire world. They are also considered as a major cause of financial and physical losses. This causes traffic accidents to have considerable threats and negative impacts on the entire society.
In the past few years, a large growth in the mobility of vehicles in Jordan has contributed to an increase in traffic congestion as well as in the number of traffic accidents. Although previous studies have indicated that risky behavioral characteristics of drivers is the main reason behind traffic accidents in Jordan, the number and severity of accidents can be mitigated and road safety can be improved through better design and engineering of road systems.
This study aims at investigating and analyzing traffic areas in the Governorate of Madaba in Jordan that can be considered as having low level of safety and so causing major negative impact on people’s health and emotions.
Data that shows severity, location and number of people and vehicles involved in each traffic accident in Madaba
Governorate for the period from 2011 until 2013 was collected from the databases of the Pubic Security Department (PSD) in Jordan and analyzed.
Since the identification of accident location is a critical element in accidents’ analysis, accidents were located on road maps. Sites with large number of accidents were precisely investigated and studied in terms of the severity of accidents, the expected economic loss and the problems causing the accidents in these sites.
This study will produce a number of practical solutions aim at improving the traffic safety and reducing the frequency and severity of traffic accidents and the associated economic and social costs in the governorate. This research will constitute a model for further studies that can be conducted in other areas in Jordan and in the world.
KEYWORDS: Traffic accidents, Traffic safety, Severity of accidents, Accident location, Economic cost
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Journal of Constructional Steel Research 122 (2016) 251–260
Experimental studies on the behavior of concrete-filled steel tubes incorporating crumb rubber
Raed Abendeh a, Hesham S. Ahmad a, Yasser M. Hunaiti b
a Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Al-Zaytoonah Univeristy of Jordan, Jordan
b Department of Civil Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman Jordan
a b s t r a c t
This study summarizes the results of experimental push-out tests conducted on concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST)
incorporating rubberized concrete with the main variables being the recycled rubber replacement ratio, certain
sizes of steel tubes having circular and square sections and ages of testing (at 28 days and one year). In addition,
150 mm-cubes were prepared using rubberized concrete mixtures to investigate the impact of shredded rubber
contents on the compressive strength of concrete. Four concrete mixtures were designed at a constant water-to-cement
ratio of 0.5 and with a cement content of 400 kg/m3. The mixtures were produced by replacing the fine
aggregate with crumb-shredded tires at designated replacement levels of zero, 10%, 20% and 30% by total fine
aggregate volume. Test results indicated that the use of rubber crumb increased the fresh-state workability and
had an adverse influence on the compressive strength of concrete. The details of bond stress and the interface
core slip in CFST specimens were estimated and the developed bond mechanisms were explained. The push-out
testing of CFST specimens displayed a reduction in the bond strength and the ductility with increasing concrete age.
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Article history: Received 12 January 2016, Received in revised form 13 March 2016, Accepted 16 March 2016
Keywords: Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST), Push-out test, Load-slip behavior, Recycled rubber, Interface bond strength
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International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences ISSN 0973-6077 Volume 11, Number 6 (2016), pp. 1415-1425 © Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com
Waste to Energy Technologies – Further Look into Plasma Gasification Implementation in Al-Ekaider Landfill, Jordan
Khaleel Abushgair1*, Hesham Ahmad2 and Firas Karkar
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan.
2 Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Department of Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, P.O. Box: 130, Amman 11733, Jordan.
*Corresponding author e-mail: khaleel45@yahoo.com
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of managing increasing amounts of solid waste generated in the north of Jordan by conducting a waste to energy strategy in Al-Ekaider landfill, mentioning the most innovative method for implementing it, its advantages, disadvantages and requirements. It was found that Plasma Arc Gasification is the most effective and the most environmentally superior method for doing so, whereas a synthetic gas predominantly comprising hydrogen and monoxide could be produced for multiple uses, such as making energy, liquid fuel synthesis or running fuel cells (in the future) with the production of economically valuable by-products like sulfur and construction aggregates. Other uses will be demonstrated within this paper. An estimated rated power of 75 MW could be extracted by such a method if the energy choice would be selected downstream.
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Environmental, Chemical, Ecological, Geological and Geophysical Engineering Vol:9, No:4, 2015
Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Processes and Water Resources Management
Walid K. M. Bani Salameh, Hesham Ahmad, Mohammad Al-Shannag
Abstract:
In Jordan having deficit atmospheric precipitation, an increase in water demand occurs during summer months. Jordan can be regarded with a relatively high potential for wastewater recycling and reuse. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for olive mill wastewater (OMW) by electrocoagulation (EC) process. In the combination of electrocoagulation by using coupled iron–aluminum electrodes, the optimum working pH was found to be around 6. Results indicated that the electrocoagulation process allowed removal of TSS and COD of about 82.5% and 47.5%, respectively at 45 mA/cm2 after 70 minutes by using coupled iron–aluminum electrodes. It was demonstrated that the maximum TSS and COD removals were obtained at some optimum experimental parameters for current density, pH, and reaction time.
Keywords: Olive Mill Wastewater, Electrode, Electrocoagulation (EC), TSS, COD.
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015
The Feasibility of Using Milled Glass Wastes in Concrete to Resist Freezing-Thawing Action
Raed Abendeh, Mousa Bani Baker, Zaydoun Abu Salem, Heham Ahmad
Abstract:
The using of waste materials in the construction industry can reduce the dependence on the natural aggregates which are going at the end to deplete. The glass waste is generated in a huge amount which can make one of its disposals in concrete industry effective not only as a green solution but also as an advantage to enhance the performance of mechanical properties and durability of concrete. This article reports the performance of concrete specimens containing different percentages of milled glass waste as a partial replacement of cement (Powder), when they are subject to cycles of freezing and thawing. The tests were conducted on 75-mm cubes and 75 x 75 x 300-mm prisms. Compressive strength based on laboratory testing and non-destructive ultrasonic pulse velocity test were performed during the action of freezing-thawing cycles (F/T). The results revealed that the incorporation of glass waste in concrete mixtures is not only feasible but also showed generally better strength and durability performance than control concrete mixture. It may be said that the recycling of waste glass in concrete mixes is not only a disposal way, but also it can be an exploitation in concrete industry.
Keywords: Durability, glass waste, freeze-thaw cycles, nondestructive test.
